Fatemeh Khezrian* 

Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 

*Correspondence: anadanaalvand@gmail.com (Fatemeh Khezrian, PhD Student in Plant Biology (Systematics), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Tehran, Iran).

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ABSTRACT 

This research was conducted in order to determine the amount of effective substances of yarrow, false chamomile, and fennel in the Hamadan region. First, the alcoholic extract of the three above-mentioned plants was obtained by the maceration method. In this way, the body of the desired plant is dried crushed immersed in 70% alcohol, and left in the same state for 14 days, then the mixture is filtered and the dried extract is weighed and the ratio of the weight of the liquid extract to the weight of the dry plant was obtained. Also, the numerical amount of total ash and ash insoluble in acid was determined to determine the amount of solutes. Also, the amount of protein, calcium, and phosphorus was obtained in three plants. By performing TLC chromatography (paper method), the type of active substances in three plants was determined and the pH of each of the manufactured products was also determined, and the results are as follows: The amount of insoluble ash in fennel acid was 1.6%, yarrow 2.8% and false chamomile 6.8%, and the amount of total ash was 12.9%, 13.7% and 7.4%, respectively. The percentage of calcium and phosphorus in fennel is 0.4% and 0.13%, in yarrow 0.98% and 0.5%, and in false chamomile is 0.74% and 0.39%. The amount of protein in fennel was 4.8%, in yarrow 24.5% and in false chamomile 19.2%. The pH of the products was as follows: the product prepared from fennel is 85/6, yarrow 80/4, and false chamomile 80/5. The results of paper chromatography of three plant samples are as follows: In fennel, in the vicinity of solvent 1 (Rf = 0.6 and 0.51), which is related to antole, and in the vicinity of solvent 2 (Rf = 0.84 and 0.76), which is related to fanchon. In the yarrow plant, Rf = 0.86 is related to betapinene, Rf = 0.72 is related to sineon, and finally Rf = 0.1 is related to Borneon's special substance. In the false chamomile plant, Rf = 0.21 is related to the gamma element, Rf = 0.30 to the beta element, and Rf = 0.39 to the effective substance transmatricaria ester. By performing these steps and comparing the results obtained from previous research on these plants, a step was taken towards the realization of the aforementioned goals, which is to determine the amount and type of effective substances of these three plants in the Hamadan region.

Keywords: TLC active ingredients, False chamomile, Yarrow, Effective substances, and Fennel.

Citation: Khezrian F. (2024). Isolation, identification and determination of effective substances of three plants, yarrow, false chamomile and fennel. Am. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 6(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.024.018027

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