Temperature transfer and fluid flow of nanofluids into the triangle shape enclosure have a wide applications in numerous industrial and engineering systems like heat exchangers, fire prevention, solar collectors, home ventilation systems, and refrigeration units etc.  -water,  -water, and  -water are very common nanofluids. These nanofluids are used widely for the augmentation of temperature transfer. Enhancement of warmed-up conductivity into nanofluids was studied by Choi and Eastman (1995). Manca et al. (2010) performed heat transfer in nanofluids. Influence of external magnetic field on natural convective flow into rectangle shape enclosure using warmed up and cooled neighbor walls was investigated by Ece and Buyuk (2006). Convective temperature disposal within a cavity heated partially was performed by Ozotop and Abu-Nada (2008). Free convective temperature flow value into nanofluids within an inclined was performed by Ghasemi and Aminossadati (2009). Impact of inclined angle using copper-water nanofluids within an enclosure was investigated Abu-Nada et al. (2009). Varol et al. (2007) investigated free convectional flow within a triangle shape cavity using isothermal heater. Numerical computations of FEM on convectional temperature flow into nanofluids within a rectangle shape enclosure was performed by Rahman et al. (2009). FEM numerical computations on free convection into nanofluids within a triangle shape cavity in account of both uniform and non-uniform warmed boundary condition was investigated by Basak et al. (2008). A comprehensive review on convectional flow was researched Kamiyo et al. (2010). Aydin and Yesiloz (2011) investigated usual convectional flow into a quadrantal enclosure using warmed and cooled neighbor walls. 

Magnetic field which creates an external force on the thermal and energy systems that highly attack the liquid flow and temperature flowing.  Sheikholeslami et al. (2014) researched about CuO-water nanofluid effect on convectional flow taking into account Lorentz force in flow domain. Computational study using Al2O3-water nanofluids on natural convectional flow was investigated by Rashmi et al. (2011). Bhardwaj and Dalal (2013) investigated convectional temperature flow as well as entropy generation into a right-angled shape triangle cavity. Natural convectional flow into a nanofluid using horizontal warmed plate was studied by Arani et al. (2011). Combined convectional flow and temperature flow characteristics into lid-driven square enclosure using heated blocks was investigated by Boulahia et al. (2016). Magneto hydro dynamics free convectional temperature transfer into nanofluid within isosceles triangle shape cavity was performed by Rahman et al. (2016). Convectional temperature flow into nanofluid within a triangular shape cavity was performed by Uddin et al. (2018). 

From the literature review, the principle intention is to investigate the temperature flow and fluid flow within a right-angled triangle shape cavity charged by copper-water nanofluid. The impact of Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles and Hartmann number are performed numerically and discussed them from physical point of view.

We have investigated numerically free convectional flow as well as temperature flow of a right-angled triangle charged by cupper-water nanofluid considering with the help of Galerkin weighted residual finite element analysis. The influence of various parameter are presented using streamline contours, isotherm contours, and Nusselt number and interpreted. The following main findings are listed:

i. Rayleigh number play significant roll on flow field and temperature transfer value.

ii. The fluid flow enhances for rising Rayleigh number whereas diminishes for rising Hartmann number. 

iii. Low Hartmann number and higher Rayleigh number conform better temperature transfer value. 

iv. Additional nanoparticles significantly improves temperature flow. 

v. Average Nusselt number augments for upper Rayleigh number whereas diminishes for rising Hartmann number.

NOMENCLATURE 

magnitude of magnetic field

specific heat at constant pressure 

gravitational acceleration 

Hartmann number

thermal conductivity 

length of the enclosure

average Nusselt number

dimensional pressure

dimensionless pressure

Prandtl number

Rayleigh number

fluid temperature 

velocity component 

dimensionless velocity component 

coordinates 

 Dimension less horizontal coordinate 

Greek symbols

thermal diffusivity 

thermal expansion coefficient 

solid volume fraction

dynamic viscosity 

kinematic viscosity 

non-dimensional temperature

density 

electric conductivity 

stream function

Subscript

heat surface

cold surface

nanofluid

nanoparticle

Base fluid

The authors declare no conflict of interest.