The Menstruation, also called a period or monthly, (Women's Gynecologic Health, 2011), is the syste-matic discharge of blood (a fluid connective tissue) and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus by the way the vagina and its occurs primarily in humans and their close evolu-tionary relatives like chimpanzees (Strassman, B.I. 1996). The first cycle usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age, a point in time commonly known as menarche (Women's Gynecologic Health, 2011), it is an important maturity indicator used to assess the developmental status of a pubertal female (Blondell et al., 1999; Cameron and Nadgdae, 1996).  Menstruation stops occurring after menopause, which usually take place between 45-55 years of age ("Menopause: Overview". nichd.nih.gov. 28 June 2013). 

Periods also stop during the pregnancy and typically do not resume during the initial months of breast-feeding. The menstrual cycle occurs due to the in-crease and decrease of hormones. The typical range of time between the 1st day of one period and the 1st day of the next is 21- 45 days in young women, and 21 - 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days). Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days. This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus, and the growth of an egg, (which is required for pre-gnancy). The egg is rescue from an ovary around day fourteen in the cycle; the thickened border of the uterus provides nutrients to an embryo after implan-tation.

Variations in menstrual pattern is frequently observed among young females (Dambhare et al., 2012). Disorders in cycles or its irregularities are a major gynecological problem among female adults especially adolescent (Titilayo et al., 2009; Aref et al., 2015). By late adolescence, 75% of girls experience some problem associated with menstruation. Delayed, irregular, painful, and heavy  menstrual  bleeding , menstrual- related mood changes are  leading  reasons  for  physician  office  visits  by  adolescents (Arkutu,  A.N., 1995; Akter et al., 2025).

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is main cause of ovulatory infertility and most common reproductive endocrine disease among women of child bearing age. One of the classic and key features of PCOS is irregular or absent menstrual cycles and others symp-toms are weight gain, acne, excess face and body hair, acanthosis nigricans. The strength of the symptoms as well as the prognosis for long-term implications such as type-2 diabetes, infertility, and heart disease differ among teen girls and juvenile women. There is an increasing awareness and early diagnosis of PCOS decreased the morbidities.

Menstrual disorders are leading causes of academic and work absenteeism among young females resulting in greater loss of income and decreased quality of life. Despite their high prevalence and the associated ill effects, many females are reluctant to use medical care for these conditions. Female medical students are no exception (Hussen et al., 2023).

This study was carried out to determine the menstrual patterns, abnormalities and disorder experienced by female undergraduate medical students and their awareness and health look for behavior. This present study will be useful in modifying health promotion and education activities for young and adult females in this environment with a view to improving reproductive health services in our country.

This is a Cross-sectional descriptive types study was conducted among 150 female undergraduate medical students of Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from June-December 2018 for a period of six month. Their ages ranges from 18-24 years. Samples were selected from each class by simple random sampling.

The particular was collected by using structured know-ledge questionnaire on menstruation. Prior to the data collection the investigator obtained permission from the female students and assured confidentiality to get their cooperation and explained the purpose and benefit of the study. The students filled up the forms in privacy. The study protocol was approved by Institu-tional Review Committee, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College. 

Collected data was carefully checked and edited first. Then the data were analyzed by using the computer soft ware SPSS program (statistical package for social sciences) version 20.

A total of 150 female students participated in the survey. In the present study, 63.33% students were young adult in the age group 20-24 years while 36.66% students were adolescent in the age group of 18-19 years. 13 (8.7%) subjects had monthly family income BDT below 20000, 84(56%) had family income 20,000 to 50,000 BDT, 45 (30%) had that above 50,000 BDT and rest 8 (5.33%) had no comments. 

The present study was carried out on 150 medical students by using simple random sampling technique. There was no married student in the study 63.33% students were young girls in the age group of 20-24 years while 36.67% were adolescent teenagers in the group of 15-19 years.

In this work the maximum age at menarche was 16 years while minimum age at was below 9 years with an average mean of 14 years which correlates with study by Begum et al. (2009). The age of menarche is affected by the nutritional value, socioeconomic status, health status and genetic parameters. Menarche typically take place between  the ages  of 12  and 13  years; but  with the  improvements in  the nutritional  status and  general  health it  has declined  in many  populations  during the  last decade's (Bullough, V.L., 1981). Dysmenorrhea (pain) is the most frequent problem associated with female medical students in this study. It may be associated with headache, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, backache and leg pain. It is one of the frequent complaints and abnormality among women's at their reproductive age. 98(65.33%) had complained about pain in this study which is more or less similar to the study of Keda K et al. (2017) and Rigon F. et al. (2022).

In the present study 30% female had acne, 18% had asymmetry of menses, Hirsutism had 5.33% ovarian cyst were 3.33% and 2.67% were obese. Of the 150 participating medical student, 85 (56.67%) had heard about PCOS, 32% had not heard and 11.33% had no comments. In the present study students had inform-ation about PCOS from teacher, friend, doctor, newspaper and internet.

The present study has determined age at menarche, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea and problem associated with menstruation among the female medical students of Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medi-cal College. Percentage of Dysmenorrhea is high among the students. Acne, Hirsutism, Ovarian cyst, Obese was problems associated with menses. From the study it is concluded that only 56.67% of girls were aware of PCOS while 43.33% of girls were unaware of PCOS. The key common source of inform-ation about PCOS was teacher as the teenagers were medical students. Changes in the normal menstrual pattern and problem associated with it of women may affect their physical as well as mental well-being. Early diagnosis of PCOS and its prompt treatment will help the female students to improve the well-being and prevent different types of hazards.

A.A.Z.; A.S.; K.T.: Conceptualization, original draft writing, reviewing, and editing. M.H.U.H.S.; S.H.: Formal analysis, investigations, funding acquisition, reviewing, and editing. A.S.; K.T.: Table and Figure formatting. A.A.Z.: Resources, data validation, data curation, and supervision. 

The authors want to give special thanks for providing their laboratory facilities, and also to the Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College Hospital for supporting us.

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.