After the great interest that psychology witnessed in studying the moods and their personal traits of indivi-duals, many psychological models and theories have started to the emerge, reducing human psychological structure and interpretation in light of a set of psy-chological factors. Such theories and models include Raymond Cattels sixteen factors theory, Eysencks triple paradigm (neuroticism, psychosis, extraversion) and finally, Costa and McCraes, (1992) The Five Factors Model which includes (neuroticism, extraver-sion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and kindness). One of the most important and most recent models interpreting personality traits is the five major factors of personality. It is a comprehensive one, the concerned with describing and classifying many terms or vocabulary that describe personality traits in which individuals differ (Saucier, 2002). It aims to bring together the traits scattering in basic categories, and it is such categories, whatever we add to and delete from them, that maintain their existence as categories or factors, indispensible in describing the human per-sonality. In other words, this model aims to search for a strict classification of the personality traits (Kazem, 2002). Though scholars have used various concepts to identify personality big five factors, the neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness are the most frequently used ones neuroticism includes features like the anxiety, insecurity, self-doubt and unrest extra-version involves social belonging, conversing, the commitment, vitality, social intelligence and the self-reliance agreeableness element Covers tolerance, flexibility, successful rela-tions with individuals and cooperation with others as for openness for the experience, it is characterized by creativity, imagination, curiosity, interest, willingness to face challenges and intellectual richness conscien-tiousness is a dimension characterized by the honesty, organization, unified mindset, accountability, serious-ness and desire to accomplish goals (Fayombo, 2010).

The Five Major Factors Model Components 

The model of the five major factors of personality is a hierarchical structure of the personality traits. The five factors represent the highest order, and personality represents at a higher level of abstraction, and every binary factor such as the "extraversion versus intro-version". Under each factor is a set of more specific traits (Gosling et al., 2003). The definition of factors is provided hereunder:

Neuroticism 

Costa and McCrae describe the nervous person as someone with high experiences of the anger, disgust, sadness, confusion, and negative emotions (Costa & McCrae, 1995). The researcher is of the view that neuroticism is a set of personal traits whose owners tend to lack balance, have negative thoughts, intense emotion, tension, weak control of their motives and an inability to handle pressure.

Extraversion 

This is a binary factor that can be called (extroversion - introversion). An extrovert person is characterized as a social person who loves mingling with others, adapts to external standards, directs his interests out of the self, loves to work with others and respects traditions and authority. He greatly needs privacy and tends to be theoretical and intellectual (De Raad, 2000).

Openness to Experience 

This factor includes many traits such as imagination and mental openness, the power of insight and the multitude of interests and tolerance (Zhang, 2006). They are willing to look at original, original ideas and values (Bruck & Allen 2003). He states that the factor of openness to experience includes the diligent pursuit & admiration of new experiences, intelligence, open-ness, creativity, belief in a fair world, the mental exhaustion, the need for diversity, aesthetic sensitivity, values of anarchism, openness to others feelings and emotional experiences (Haridy & Shawky, 2002).

Agreeableness 

This factor is most closely related to personal relation-ships. According to the Hogan, (1983) agreeableness enables an individual to face the problems & pressures of life. This trait reflects individual differences in general interest in achieving social harmony. Those who such attributes are characterized by tolerance, trust, good character, cooperation and agreeableness so that they respect and value others (Zhang, 2006).

Conscientiousness 

A balanced person is able to create the people with focused interests, without making them relax every now and then to enjoy life (Al-Saleem, 2006). The researcher is of the view that conscientiousness is a set of personal traits of successful people through plan-ning, purposeful insistence, avoiding problems, trust, organization and perseverance, with goal-oriented be-havior. 

Review of Literature 

Mohaisen, (2013) aimed at Verification the psycho-metrical characteristics of the big-five factors elements (Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Con- scientiousness, and Openness to the Experience). The author used the descriptive analysis method to analyze data. The sample of the study consisted of (277) male and (371) female students of Palestinian University, thus, the results of the analytical factorial indicated to pick up the big-five factors of the personality (Extra-version, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscien-tiousness, and Openness to the Experience). Shaqfa, (2011) aimed at revealing the levels of political trends, political belonging and big-five factors of personality and its correlation with the Palestinian youth. The sample of the study consisted of (400) University stu-dents in Gaza. The results indicated that there existed differences between the group of male and that of females in the big-five factors (openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) on the benefit of females. There no existed any differences between the average of groups of males & females in the factors (neuroticism and extraversion); while there were differences in the factors of the extraversion, cons-cientiousness, & openness to experience) based on the level of the study.  Qarout, (2007) aimed at identifying the nature of the satisfaction with life and some personality traits, differences in the life traits of the study sample and differences in high and low of satisfaction in some personality traits. The sample of the study consisted of (480) male and female students of Om Al-Qura University, Mecca. The study revealed that there existed a statistical, correlative and positive relationship satisfaction with life & agreeable-ness and conscientiousness while the correlation was weak with openness to the experience. The results of the study indicated that there was a statistical negative relation-ship between satisfaction with life and neuroticism. The study showed also that there was no statistical relationship in the average of the marks that female students got on the factors of (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, & conscientiousness) due to the differences of the specializations while the differences were showed in neuroticism.

The Statement of the Study 

Despite the conditions experienced by Yemeni univer-sity students as part of the members of this society exposed to daily suffering, coupled with the pressures imposed on them by universities life, students are continuing their studies, performing their duties well. 

This means there are multiple psychological factors playing an important role for university students to continue their studies even under such the difficult conditions believes that human personality consists of bond of values or the attributes which is used to describe the subject of the study according to dimen-sions or the variables. The great five factors of the personality are the most effective factors in evaluating the personality (Abu Ghazaleh, 2009). Based on the above, and based on the role psychologists in serving the community and human potential, in addition to the changes and the conditions that our Yemeni society is going through which undoubtedly reflected on its various social groups in general & youth in particular, and the importance of the five major personality factors the scarcity of Arab studies that dealt with personality factors  the researcher  tries  “To identify the most common five major factors of personality among Yemeni universities students”.

The Importance of the Study 

The study deals with an under-researched topic in the local community. This is an attempt to identify the five major factors of personality in light of the difficult life pressures experienced by University students in light of the current situation of war and suffering. It is important to address such a vital category of indivi-duals because of its active role in community service. The findings of the current study will help us identify Yemeni University students basic personal traits for the betterment of academic counseling and guidance programs which aim at bringing about a change in Yemeni University students personality and enhance the aspiration of students for a more optimistic life. It is important to prepare list of the personality five major factors "Costa and McCrae" for the Yemeni environment. These factors are crucial in contem-porary psychology in describing and measuring sound good personality in terms of the five dimensions: (neurticism, extraversion, and openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness). The applied importance of the study also lies in finding out whether there are differences in the five major factors of personality among the University students, owing to differing scientific and humanitarian majors and study level.

Objectives of the Study 

To identify the most common five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students.” 

1) To know the statistical significance of the differ-ences in the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students based on the variables (gender, specialization, study level).

The Hypothesis of the Study 

1) Neuroticism is the least common spreading of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students. 

2) The average responses Yemeni University stu-dents on List of five major factors of personality ascribed to the gender variable (males, females) have no statistical significant differences. 

3) There are no statistically significant differences in the average responses of the Yemeni University students on List of the five major factors of personality ascribed to the specialization variable (Science - Humanity). 

4) On List of the five major actors of personality ascribed to level variable (first, Second, Third, Fourth), the Yemeni University students average responses have the no statistical significant dif-ferences.

The Population of the Study 

The current study targets undergraduate students in twelve public Universities in the Republic of Yemen. Three public universities, namely Sanaa University, Aden University and Ibb University, were selected constituting 25% of public universities in a cluster random manner. Thus, the current research population is (21377) students of the three universities for the academic year 2020/2021 as shown in Table 1.

As illustrated in the Table 1, it is observed that the number of students of the study population reached (21377) male and female students, distributed among the three Yemeni universities (Sanaa, Aden and Ibb), where the number of males reached (11913) male students. And the number of female (9464) female students. As for the specialization, the number in practical science majors was (7709) male and female students. In humanities, the number was (13668) male and female students. With regard to level of study, the number in the first level was (6615) male and female students. In the second level, it was (5947) male and female students, and as for the third level, the number was (4902) male and female students. In the fourth level there were (3913) male and female students.

The Sample of the Study 

Having defined the study population, a stratified random sample was chosen with a percentage of (0.05) from the students of the three universities that were identified in the research community, & the following table shows the distribution of the research sample. Table 2 shows the distribution of the study sample members by the gender, specialization, and educational level.

As illustrated in the Table 2, it is observed that the number of students of the study sample reached (1060) male and female students, distributed among the three Yemeni universities (Sanaa, Aden and Ibb), where the number of males reached (591) male students and the number of female (469) female students. As for the specialization, the number practical science majors was (381) male and female students. In humanities, the number was (679) male and female students. With regard to level of study, the number in the first level was (329) male and female students. In the second level, it was (295) male and female students, and as for the third level, the number was (243) male and female students. In the fourth level there were (193) male and female students.

In the current study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, which means what exists in reality and tries to explain it.

The Operational Definitions 

Five Major Factors of Personality 

McCrae & John define the "five major factors model of personality as one based on the notion that per-sonality can be fully described through five basic factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experi-ence, agreeableness, and conscientiousness Each of these factors consists of a set of features." As for the procedural definition, it is the total score obtained by the student on each of the five major personality factors and the total score based on (Costa & McCrae, 1992) list which is followed in this study.

The Tool of the Study 

List of the Five Factors of the Personality 

The list has been developed by (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and it is the first objective tool that aims to measure the basic dimensions of a character through a number of statements. It is gained by the global analysis of a number of statements which are derived from a few of personality tests. It includes five minor scales: neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experi-ence, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness (Al-Ansari, 2002; Hussen et al., 2023).

Codify of the List 

The researcher has modified the wording of some phrases without any changes in the content in a manner that is commensurate with the Yemeni environment.  The list of the five factors in its initial form consists of the 60 statements distributed among the five factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, Agreeableness, the Conscientiousness). Each of the five factors contains 12 basic phrases. The degree of answer was distributed to the statement of the list in a Likert manner. In the positive items, the respondent gets 5 marks when he answer ‘they apply to me with very high degree, 4 marks when he answers, they apply to me with high degree, 3 marks when he answers, they apply to me with moderate degree, two marks when he answers apply to me with a low degree and one mark when he answers does not apply to me at all. In the negative items, the scores are calculated in an inverse manner. The Table 3 shows the distribution of the statements of the five major factors of the personality.

Validation & Reliability of the Five Major Factors of Personality 

The researcher distributed the questionnaire among 200 male and female students of the humanity and the scientific departments to ensure the validity and the reliability using the SPSS statistical as follows: 

Validity of List 

The researcher used two types of Validity, which are the Validity of the Referees and the Validity of internal consistency, as follows: 

Validity of Referees 

The researcher showed the list of the five major factors of personality to a group of professors with expertise & competence in psychology, mental health, measure-

ment & psychological evaluation to share their opinion on the extent to which each paragraph of the list belongs to its own factor, as well as the validity of the paragraphs or its invalidity when applied to the Yemeni society. After receiving the list, the researcher considered the notes where all statements are the same with more than 90% so that resulted some manor changes in wording some phrases with preserving the content and its negative or positive direction. 

Validity of Internal Consistency 

The researcher has calculated the correlation coeffi-cient between the degree of each Item and the total degree of the factor that consists of the list of the five major factors of personality as shown in the following Table 4. 

The above Table 4 showed that all Items of the five major factors of personality list correlated & denota-tive with the total degree of the factor that it belongs at the level of significance (0.01), except for the Items (9, 13, 18, 24, 26, 44, 57), which were not Statistically significant . The researcher deleted the non-statistically significant al Items. Accordingly, it can be said that list of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students has a good constructive validity in view of the internal consistency. Table 5 shows the excluded and the final items in each factor of the list of the five major factors of personality.

Reliability 

The researcher used two methods of finding Reliabi-lity, the Split half reliability and the Alpha-Cronbach method: 

Split half reliability 

The researcher calculated the reliability of list by using split-half-method through calculating the correlation coefficient between the total marks of the odd articles  and the total marks of the even articles for each factor of the five major factors of the personality, Pearson correlation coefficient reached a value of (0.57), which is statistically significant. Then the (Spearman Brown) equation was used to modify the length of the test. It was found that the (Saberman-Brown) correlation coefficient of the test scored a value of (0.72) for the total score of the list, this means that the list is reliable, and while as shown in Table 6.

It is clear from Table 6 that the reliability coefficient by the split-half method is high, whether for the factors or for the total score of the list. Cronbachs Alpha Reliability The researcher calculated the reliability of scale by using Cronbachs alpha and the results are shown in Table 7.

As illustrated in Table 7, it is observed  that Cron-bachs alpha reliability coefficient for the list as a whole was (0.65), while the values of alpha-Cron-bachs Reliability coefficient for the factors ranged between (0.64 - 0.74). It is noted that the most reliable factor is the fifth Factor (Conscientiousness), scoring a value of (0.74), Followed by the First factor (Neuro-ticism), with a reliable coefficient value of (0.73), followed by the second factor (Extraversion) with a reliable coefficient (0.67), and the two factors (open-ness to experience and Agreeableness) was the same value, scoring a reliability coefficient value of (0.64). These Cronbachs alpha coefficients are good and the acceptable indicators, supporting the idea that List of the five major factors of personality, among University students has good reliability.

Scoring Procedure for List of the Five Factors of the Personality 

The list of the five major factors of personality in its final form included (53) items, including positive and negative ones. Its items were divided into five factors which are neurotic factor that includes items from (1-11), the extroversion factor that includes items from 

(12-20), the openness to experience factor that includes items from (21-31), the Agreeableness factor that includes items from (32-42) and the conscientiousness factor includes items from (43-53) and each items has five alternative answers. Each student must give only one answer for each items. There were five scales for correcting the list from (1:5) for positive items list and (5:1) for negative. Then the score of each items is calculated for the total degree of each student. After ensuring the validation and reliability of the five major factors of personality list, it becomes valid for applica-tion to the Yemeni environment.

Procedure of Data Collection 

Having completed the procedural steps previously the reviewed, and having ensured study tools validity and reliability, a field visit official letter was issued by the college deanship to the researcher for visiting Yemeni universities to put the tools into application, the list of five major factors of the personality were applied on a sample of (1060) male and female students from public universities in the Republic of Yemen. The entire process was carried out by the researcher in order to clarify the purpose and importance of study, and to answer students inquiries on the some scale- related items. Students were instructed that the data is con-fidential, and were asked to cooperate and answer all items fully and the honestly. Upon completion, scales were collected and reviewed to ensure that all items were answered, and all study variables represented in (gender, specialization, academic level) were noted. Interpretation and Discussion of Results Hypothesis No.1: “Neuroticism is the least common spreading of the five major factors of personality among Yemeni University students”. To validate the hypothesis, the arithmetic mean score and relative weight of each of the five major personality factors were calculated as shown in Table 8.

As shown in the above Table 8 and Fig. 1, it is noticed that conscientiousness factor was the most common spreading personality major factors among Yemeni University students. This result seems logical and is ascribed to the fact that ethical principles become the habits that are embodied in the behavior of the student during University study with the course of time. It can also be attributed to cultural factors, customs and traditions prevalent in the Yemeni environment where individuals tend to abide to ethics and values. The 

higher mean score of conscientiousness signifies self-support ability of doing things, efficiency, dedication, sense of responsibility, persistence and ambition. Such are the qualities of University students in their pursuit of knowledge in an attempt to the prove themselves worthy and achieve a higher level of material and social prosperity. Extraversion factor came second. This is ascribed to the fact that University students exhibit more social activity and energy and tend to go for excitement. This result is ascribed to the fact that universities environment provides an opportunity for social interaction, dealing with the universities life happenings and outer society issues as well. University students represent the real future leaders owing to the awareness, culture and chance for social interaction. The result can also be attributed to the age parameter - late adolescence of University students which prompts them to look for independence and self-discovery. In addition, the finding is linked with excellence of University students in open-mindedness in terms of their scientific thinking skills & efficient communica-tion. In this regard Abu Hashem, (2010) asserts that extraversion involves favoring and dealing with social events, independency (autonomy), mental openness, activity and search for group. Al-Melaigi, (2001) highlights that role occupies the leading position in the theory of personality. He holds that the theory of personality consists of the different successive social roles played by the individual. The dimension of agreeableness ranked third among University students. This is because Yemeni University students participate actively more in social activities not only in campus but also outside in society and labor market. Even at an early age, Yemenis show more interest in social and political issues as a result of constant mingling with adults. This is enhanced further during University study years both practically and theoretically. As for the openness to the experience factor, it came in fourth order in terms of prevalence, which is evident in the imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, depth of feelings, behavioral flexibility, modern unconventional trends, new ideas and tolerance. The researcher attributes this to the challenges imposed by modern technology and the age of information, which push the student towards love of knowledge, inquiry and openness to ideas, information, feelings, values and all relevant issues. The results also indicate that the neuroticism factor was the least prevalent factor. This result is ascribed to the fact that Yemeni University students have reached an advanced stage of emotional and mental maturity, which is often due to patterns of thinking based on scientific bases, making students deal with different situations logically. The imposed social and the psy-chological pressures formed a kind of the positive challenge for students, motivating them to confront such challenges efficiently.  The absence of this factor among Yemeni University students indicates that the students have a positive personality trait, reflecting their ability to face the surrounding situational chal-lenges owing to the current war through the use of the positive adjustment techniques. Abu Jweih, (2002: 158), emphasizes that personality is affected by the general and shared experiences of individuals, which are experiences related to social and environmental factors that influence the personal formation of the individual.  

The present Research findings come in agreement with those of (Abado, 2013; Barrick & Mount, 1991) the present study concluded that the conscientiousness factor was the most common factor, followed by the extraversion factor. The findings of (Al-Mahmoud, 2013; AlSaati, 2012; Alwan, 2012; Al-Bayali, 2009) are in agreement with the finding that conscien-tiousness ranked first among the five major factors of personality. Hypothesis No. 2 “The average responses Yemeni University students on List of the Five major Factors of Personality ascribed to The gender variable (males, females) have no statistically significant dif-ferences. To verify the hypothesiss validity and find out the significance of the differences based on the gender variable, the Independent -samples t test was used.  Table 9 illustrates this.

As shown in Table 9, and Fig. 2 above, it is observed that there are statistically significant differences bet-ween the students mean scores in neuroticism factor with reference to` gender variable. The differences were in favor of females with an average and weight of (30.57), and a mean score of (28.22) in favor of males. There are no statistically significant differences between the students mean scores with reference to each of the extraversion factor (t= 1.47), openness to experience (t=1.57), agreeableness (t=1.79), and cons-cientiousness (t= 0.03) attributed to gender variable. Such values are statistically insignificant. Based on the findings, it is clear that the mean scores of females are higher when compared to those of males with reference to neuroticism factor. This result can be explained in the light of the greater pressures that females are exposed to in the family and universities more than males, which makes females more anxious and consequently more neurotic. In addition, the finding can be attributed to the nature of the roles that women play and the ensuing frustration, distress and tension added to the nature of the prevailing culture in Arab societies, subjecting the girl to more control and dependence. Fayombo holds that neuroticism has a negative potential implication, which is the constant tendency to negative emotional experience and feelings of anxiety, a sense of guilt, and a state of depressed mood. He sees that females respond more to bad environmental stress. Normal situations are likely to be interpreted by females as threats and frustrations and are difficult. The female is often shy, unable to the assert herself, and having difficulty controlling her emotions. Neuroticism is associated with low emotional intelligence that the involves emotional regulation, motivation and interpersonal skills. Individuals with high neuroticism may show more emotional reactions when they face stressful and intense situations. It is evident that the females use strategies of avoidance, rejection, imbalanced thinking and self-criticism instead of adjustment to neurotic events (Fayombor, 2010). The results of the current Research are in agreement with (Al-Enezi, 2010; Abdulmajeed, 2010; Randler, 2008; Mustafa, 2004; Al-Shammari, 2001; Saleem, 1999) concluding that 

there were differences in the neuroticism factor attributed to the sex variable in favor of females. As for the absence of differences in the rest of the factors (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness), the absence of differences in the terms of extra-version is explained in light of the sub-features of the factor itself. Extraversion in its content indicates compatibility with external standards, fami-liarity and a desire for social participation and establishing normal and balanced relationships with others. Extraversion is associated with positive fee-lings of happiness and contentment. It is the act or habit of being mostly interested in obtaining grati-fication from outside the self that is defined as "a trait characterized by a keen interest in other individuals and external events and proceeds with confidence in the unknown (Judge et al., 2002). 

The researcher also explains that there are no the differences in the factor of openness to experience, which may be due to the fact that university students in general are open to the experiences of others and thus tend to participate in taking the opinion & the other opinion and influencing and getting influenced by others. It can be said that students of both sexes have equal opportunities to express their opinions and ideas and take the appropriate way to solve the pro-blems that may face them. As for agreeableness, there are no differences in this factor that it is related to positive variables in personality such as achievement, persistence, sense of responsibility and organization. Yet, Yemeni students in general are distinguished by interaction with others, friendliness, the cooperation, sympathy and humility, and they respect the feelings and habits of others. Besides, they are characterized by the confidence, integrity, submission, acceptance, humility & moderate opinion, and they tend to exert themselves in trying to the help and please others. Regarding the absence of differences in the cons-cientiousness factor, the researcher explains that Uni-versity students usually have a tendency to organize, effectiveness, confidence & self-discipline, and this can also be explained in light of the characteristics of the conscience alert factor in terms of commitment to duties, competence, ability, ability to self-support, ambition, diligence and struggle for achievement Per-severance, responsibility and con-fronting difficulties are characteristics that are distinguished by males and females. The results of the current Research are in agreement with the study (Al-Shemali, 2015; AlSaati, 2012; Melhem, 2010; Saleem, 1999) in that there are no statistically significant differences for the four factors (conscientiousness - extraversion - openness to experience - agreeableness) attributed to gender vari-able. Like the current study, Al-Mahmoud, (2013) concluded that there are no statistically significant differences for the three factors (extroversion – open-ness to experience - agreeable-ness) attributed to gen-der variable. Hypothesis No. 3 “There are no statis-tically significant differences in the average responses of Yemeni University students on List of the Five major Factors of Personality ascribed to specialization variable (Science - Humanity).” To verify the hypo-thesis and identify the significance of the differences based on the specialization variable, “ Independent - samples t test" is used.  Table 10 illustrates this. 

It is evident from the Table 10 and Fig. 3 above that there are no statistically significant differences in the students mean scores in each of the neuroticism (t=-0.05), extraversion (t =0. 10), openness to experience (t =0. 14), agreeableness (t = 0.41), conscientiousness (t=1.09) attributed to the specialization variable. Statistically, the above values are all insignificant. It is believed that the social and cultural environment in which students live is the same regardless of their different specializations. All the conditions surround-ding students are negative in terms of social, eco-nomic, or negative or the positive cultural aspects, playing an effective role in influencing their per-sonalities during university studies, and are almost the same. Hence whatever theoretical aspects mentioned in the current study apply to any of these factors can be generalized to the various members of the sample of Yemeni university students and in various science and humanities specializations. The results of the current Research are similar to those of the Youssef, (2014) in the conclusion that there are no differences in the factors (the neuroticism - extraversion – agree-ableness - conscientiousness) with reference to the specialization variable. Besides, like Gabr, (2012) the current study concluded that there are no differences with reference to (neuroticism - extraversion – open-ness to experience - conscientiousness) attributed to specialization variable. Moreover, in agreement with this study, Al-Haddad, (2011) found that there is no statistically significant difference in the five major factors of personality with reference to the specia-lization variable. Likewise Qarout, (2007) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the female students mean scores in the factors (extroversion - openness to experience - agreeableness - conscientiousness) due to differences in speciali-zation. Hypothesis No. 4 “on List of the Five Major Factors of Personality ascribed to level variable (first, Second, Third, Fourth) Yemeni university students average responses have no statistically significant differences”. A one-way the ANOVA Test is used to verify the hypothesis validity & identify the different significance. Table 11 illustrates this. 

The research study aimed to explore the prevalence of the five major personality factors among Yemeni university students and examine potential differences based on gender, specialization, and level of study. The results revealed that conscientiousness was the most prevalent personality factor among the partici-pants. Conversely, neuroticism was found to be the least prevalent. Additionally, the study found statis-tically significant differences between the males and females in the neuroticism factor, with females sco-ring higher. However, no significant differences were observed in the other personality factors (extra-ver-sion, conscientiousness, openness to the experience, agreeableness) among the participants. Similarly, no significant variations were identified in the personality factors based on specialization (scientific vs. human-itarian) or level of study (first, second, third, fourth).  These findings shed light on the dominant personality traits among the Yemeni university students, with conscientiousness being the most prevalent. The dif-ferences observed between males and females in the neuroticism suggest potential gender variations in emotional stability. However, no significant dispari-ties were found in the other personality factors, indi-cating a relatively consistent the personality profile among Yemeni students across different specializ-ations and levels of study. These findings contribute to our understanding of the Yemeni university student population and provide insights into their personality characteristics. Further research can expand on these findings and explore the potential implications for academic performance, career choices, and overall well-being among the Yemeni students. Based on the findings of the current research, the researcher recom-mends the following: 

1) A positive psychology should be adopted in all uni-versity disciplines in order to develop the positive aspects of students personalities by the Ministry of Higher Education. 

2) Psychological and social support should be pro-vided to Yemeni university students through spe-cialized guidance and educational programs which may contribute to creating a balanced personality capable of adapting to stressful life conditions by the Ministry of Higher Education. 

3) Seminars and workshops should be held in Yemeni universities to the raise students awareness of the importance of building a positive personality for a bright future for students because they will have the responsibility to build a new society through the universities.

The authors express profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped them out, in one way or another, to finish the research article. Special thanks are extended to the research respondents in the Uni-versities of Yemen.

No conflicts of interest are related to this work.